English TIBE Act 2 Flashcard

English TIBE Act 2

Essay about Eastern Market field research

Essay about Eastern Market field research Essay about Eastern Market field research Annabelle Le His 211 field research paper Fall 2011 Eastern Market Among the historical sites in Washington D.C, Eastern Market is unique. It is not a monument which is unchanged and does not have any interactions with humans or a museum which is also a public place, but the activities are so limited. Eastern Market’s history reflects the trends in the history of D.C as well as the United States. Its history does not stop from its dedication, and will not only list the different renovations it has endured. The history of Eastern Market is told and is written by the people involve with it. Eastern Market has long been a core element in Capitol Hill – the historic district. It is situated at 225 7th street SE, close to C street SE and across from the Eastern Market Metro Station. The Market was built in 1873, basing on the design of Adolf Cluss. The Market has stood tall since the day it was constructed and its history of survival granted it the title of the oldest continuously operating food market in Washington D.C. Initially, the Market consisted of only the South Hall; afterwards, in 1908, the Center and North Halls were erected. These halls were designed by the Inspector of Buildings of D.C.’s Office of Public Works Snowdon Ashford (Holwill). In 1964, Eastern Market became a D.C Historic Landmark and in 1971 it was given a place on the National Register of Historic Places (Holwill). Eastern Market opens every day except Monday. There is also the Flea Market at Eastern Market which operates on Saturdays and Sundays from 10 a.m to 5 p.m. and the Farmer s Market at Eastern Market which opens every Saturday and Sunday from 7 a.m to 5 p.m year-round. Eastern Market has long been considered the heart of Capitol Hill neighborhood, however not all of the shoppers are from around the area. The Market also attracts many people from other parts of D.C as well as tourists. It is accessible by the metro system or any types of transportation though parking can prove difficult during weekend. Inside the historic building, there are 14 vendors (â€Å"Indoor merchants†) selling a variety of products including fruits, flowers, fish, beef, pork, lamb, poultry, pasta, pastry, sausages, etc. Many of the stores have been operating business in the Market for a long time like Calomiris Fruits and Vegetables and Union Meat Company, LLC. Not all of the products in the Market are brought straight from farms, however. There are also strawberries from Giant and Driscoll’s blueberries. Outside, the farmers market offers fresh fruits, vegetables , sauces, cheese as well as homemade soap, and a variety of handicrafts, ranging from jewelry to toys, pictures, quilt, with jewelry being the most prevalent product. Another specialty of the Farmers Market at Eastern Market is the food stands. The line at the crepes stand is always the longest, but one can also choose to enjoy other kinds of food that can be identified with the Market including gumbo, pretzels, and tiny donuts. On a nice Saturday or Sunday, there are always sights of families with kids or dogs strolling from stand to stand in the farmers market. A little further West is the Flea Market at Eastern Market, situated in the Hine School yard at 7th and C streets SE (â€Å"Welcome†). This flea market is one of the largest in the whole nation, hosting â€Å"up to 100 exhibitors from five continents† (â€Å"Welcome†). In the flea market, one can find a plethora of products from pottery to posters, from apparels to carpets as well as different types of antiques, collectibles, jewelry, etc. Street music performers entertain the shoppers with playful tunes played by the African drums, the violins or maybe the saxophone. It is hard to deny the fun at Eastern Market, especially on weekend. Pierre L’Enfant’s plan for the District of Columbia involved three public markets – Center, Western and Eastern. The first Eastern Market at 7th and L street SE was approved by President Thomas Jefferson in

Solar energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Solar energy - Essay Example The index varies from one hundred and twenty to one hundred and forty for homes that are old. Adopting a zero energy technology in a home is possible based on an occupant’s preferred performance efficiency. Using technical support, the use installing a zero home energy is possible. Installing an efficient zero energy system is possible with the setting up of solar thermal systems in homes to help enhance the save on other energy sources in the home. The efficiency of the system should be thirty of less than thirty. The use of energy from the utility grid should be minimal. The estimated cost of setting up a photovoltaic or PV system in Bellevue Washington, zip code 98007, which would produce enough solar energy, would be as calculated. The assumption is that the monthly cost of electricity bill is two hundred dollars. There is a good solar rating to set up the system in the area. The estimate cost of the installation of the system is twenty-six thousand dollars. It would take twenty-five years to recover the cost of the utility

Public Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public Law - Coursework Example More so, the executive’s objective is directly linked to the legislature in the sense that after the drafting of the rules, the rules demand presidential accent to get the rules mature into law. In other words, the executive is the executor of the law1. The judiciary also acts in correspondence by ensuring that people who abuse and break the law are legally trailed and punished with the appropriate sanctions. Reading through the current crisis, it could be seen that each of these three arms has had a personalised objective of trampling on the roles of the other. It is commonly said that implementation is the law and not the enactment of it. What this may imply in relation to the current question and crisis is that the presence of a written constitution alone is not a sufficient ground to assume that separation of powers will take place and that there will be no abuse of power. It rather takes an extra work of vigilante whereby members of the three branches of state become committed to their roles and objectives of delivering their functions with due diligence. It is also important that sufficient power be vested in the ordinary citizen o have the right to exercise their right of questioning members of the three branches of state if they realise that implementation of the written constitution is not forthcoming. If for nothing at all, there are sections of the written constitution that creates overlaps in the duties and functions of the various branches of state, defeating the idea of achieving separation of powers. Whiles such as a situatio n, it is only an effective third party that can guarantee enforcement and that is the citizen vigilante2. As indicated earlier, certain sections of the written constitution overlap in roles and thus defeat the idea of separation of powers. All of such sections of the written constitution need to be amended with immediate

The Future of the Spanish Language in the Unted States Essay

The Future of the Spanish Language in the Unted States - Essay Example Surveys have showed that nearly all US Spanish speakers are indeed Hispanic and this population is increasing at a tremendous rate within the United States. It was in the year 1989 that the Hispanic populace was around 20.1 million within the country which was in essence a 39 percent increase to the figure that was calculated in 1980 Census, at 14.5 million. The rate at which the US population increased during this period was estimated at 9.5 percent but the Hispanic population grew at 7.5 percent. Some studies suggest that Hispanic immigrants who move towards the United States in the wake of seeking better opportunities in life do not make an effort to learn English. They rather focus on their own language – a fact that both works to their advantage and disadvantage at the same time. (Estrada, 1988) The benefiting aspect is that they remain in constant touch with what is happening back home and they can move out and gain acceptance within their own society. The limitation of not learning English is that since English is a universal language, they must out on similar opportunities to gain jobs and the like within United States. One important pointer for consideration lies in the fact that Spanish language is taken up by a teenager if his/her parents force him/her to take up the language within the realms of the United States. Since the young ones have been born and bred within the States itself, they do not feel the inclination to learn Spanish and thus do a great disservice to their own language. They are more inclined to find out more or just have a somewhat easy understanding of the English language as it facilitates them in their day to day tasks and activities. (Garcia, 1983)

Ethical Issues In Psychological Testing Psychology Essay

Ethical Issues In Psychological Testing Psychology Essay A major issue confronting a psychological researcher is ethics. Research ethics comprise many different topics, including test construction and psychometrics. Areas of concern within these areas include, but are not limited to, measurement bias; validity and reliability; errors and the use of negligence or deception; areas of limitations in the research, and recommendations. The scientist must provide enough information about the research to ensure the applicability of the results. However, the experimenter should also include information about the misuse of research and the need to consult multiple sources of information. The researcher must ensure that they are abiding by ethical process as results may have consequences that the experimenter cannot foresee, and failing to comply with these processes may lead to the scorn of the scientific community. Because of the daunting nature of this process, it is necessary for the researcher to work with fellow scientists to confirm their res earch is reputable. Keywords: ethics, errors, measurement bias, reliability, research, validity Ethical Issues in Psychological Testing Activity 9 Psychologists regularly conduct research where they have to ensure they are meeting ethical guidelines and professional standards. This may range from informed consent and confidentiality, to appropriate test use and proper testing protocol. Ethics plays a major role in how the scientific community perceives the work of a researcher. For example, a discovery where the researcher plagiarized the work of another, or was intentionally negligent in their research, would lead to their research being unaccepted by fellow scientists. Lesser examples of this include issues of a test not meeting the purposes of a research study. Therefore, ethics is an important element to legitimate research practices. Test construction is an important part of research ethics. The American Psychological Association (APA) (2010) published the manual Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. This provides a statement on test construction in Standard 9.05, which says, Psychologists who develop tests and other assessment techniques use appropriate psychometric procedures and current scientific or professional knowledge for test design, standardization, validation, reduction or elimination of bias, and recommendations for use (p. 13). Test construction in ethics refers to psychometrics and professional knowledge of research methods. Klein (2005) adds to the importance of research methods because the psychometric characteristics of the instrument itself are of primary importance in test use (p. 289). As noted in the standard, this broad area of study incorporates issues of validity and reliability, measurement bias, and recommendations for applying the research in different settings, as we ll as knowledge of the research study and misuses of the research. In measurement bias, the test shows unintentional preference towards people of a certain background. Klein (2005) notes, if the overall test scores or the differential selection rates of individuals from identifiable subgroups by themselvesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦behave differently across groups, then measurement bias is said to occur (p. 296). When this happens, the research results are not accurate because the test results show distortion to favor one group over another. One cannot make accurate policies from tests that have measurement bias. In addition, the Joint Committee on Testing Practices (JCTP) (2004), in Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education, mentions that differences relating to test scores from various groups must relate to the skills being assessed, not the difference in linguistic or cultural background (p. 4). Therefore, there can be differences in research results as long as they reflect the abilities of a group. One group may have a greater ability to perform a task th an another group. This is not measurement bias; on the contrary, it is a reflection of the realistic capabilities of the group. Researchers have to ensure their test is fair and unbiased against a minority. The JCTP (2004) provides further information related to test construction. Researchers must ensure they give information regarding what the test measures, what its recommended use is, and the measures strengths and limitations. There must be a sufficient amount of information for a policy maker to make decisions from the research, including being aware of how the research might be unhelpful. The validity and reliability of the test must meet its intended purposes (p. 4). Patten (2004) refers to validity as the extent that it measures what it is designed to measure and accurately performs the function(s) it is purported to perform (p. 59). Reliability refers to the test yielding consistent results (p. 71). There should be an indication regarding whether the test measures what the researcher intended, and how consistent it is in those measurements. Researchers must also provide recommendations for the interpretation of test results, including the possible misuse of research. Readers sh ould be aware that they should not rely on one research study when making decisions. There should also be procedures for setting performance standards or passing scores if another researcher was going to give the same test (JCTP, p. 8). In the research article, there should be an indication of what score a participant requires to pass a test, or what constitutes sufficient performance. Test construction also involves errors in research. The Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (1995) notes, when an unintentional error promptly corrected, the scientific community accepts the mistake. However, when a scientist is negligent due to inattention, haste, or carelessness, the researcher can be admonished because this can lead to work that does not meet the standards demanded in science (p. 15). Deception in research also has huge consequences. Deception involves Making up data or results (fabrication), changing or misreporting data or results (falsification), and using the ideas or words of another person without giving appropriate credit (plagiarism) (p. 16). Therefore, to ensure ethics in research, scientists should ensure they are not using negligence or deception. I agree with the readings in this assignment because, in academic fields, researchers have to ensure they abide by ethical procedures. Science has its basis on the scientific method, which strives for honesty during the scientific process. In addition, many previous research studies have had far-reaching consequences that the researcher did not anticipate. Therefore, it is critical that scientists abide by research ethics. This appears to be a daunting task because of the many issues regarding ethical psychological testing. However, just as college students cannot plagiarize their assignment for a class because they are breaking the rules of ethics for academic integrity, researchers cannot use deception in research. This is violating research integrity. Researchers have to be open in their study because the scientific community will scrutinize their work to ensure it acts in accordance with ethical guidelines. The Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (1995) mentions that research results [must] be accepted by other scientists (p. 3). In addition, because science is a social process where scientists review the work of others to guarantee it meets socially accepted standards in science, researchers strive for responsible scientific practice (p. 4). Research must meet the guidelines devised by other professionals in their academic field because of the nature of science. In this assignment, I learned about the importance of ethics in research and the consequences of failing to abide by them. There are many grey areas in research ethics, as indicated in the book On Being a Scientist: Responsible Conduct in Research. While doing research, the experimenter should make every effort to ensure that studies are valid, reliable, and lack measurement bias. The researcher must give recommendations for further use of the research and setting passing scores or performance standards. Because this appears to be a large task, beginning researchers should work closely with an advisor or faculty member to ensure they abide by ethical practices. This mentor can give practical advice on research ethics, as well as provide additional sources to consult regarding correct research disciplines.

Frederick Douglass Essay

Frederick Douglass once said, â€Å"I didn’t know I was a slave until I found out I couldn’t do the things I wanted.† Frederick Douglass author and protagonist of the Narrative of Frederick Douglass was a slave that suffered over twenty years of physical abuse, deprivation, and starvation under the rusty, blood crusted chains of slavery. Frederick Douglass is a former American slave who taught himself to be a brilliant writer and orator who sparked the abolitionist movement. He writes about his former life, in which he had suffered through years of starvation, dehydration, and deprivation of the basic necessities of life. However, because of those years of suffering, Douglass was able to be one of the few slaves that revealed the ugly truth behind slavery. Douglass shows the audience through the use of literary devices that ignorance is a tool of slavery and knowledge is the path to freedom. Frederick Douglass writes using litotes, antithesis, and chiasmus to exp lain the use of ignorance as a fetter and the suppression of knowledge to conceal the path to freedom. Frederick Douglass emphasizes the use of ignorance to prevent slaves from obtaining knowledge about freedom and slavery through the use of litotes. After Frederick Douglass reads through â€Å"The Colombian Orator,† he realizes the truth about ignorance, freedom, and knowledge. Douglass writes, â€Å"It was this everlasting thinking of my condition that tormented me. There was no getting rid of it. [†¦] The silver trump of freedom had roused my soul to eternal wakefulness. Freedom now appeared, to disappear no more forever† (Douglass 24). Douglass realizes that freedom was within his reach and nothing could make the overwhelming urge to reach out and grab freedom disappear from the depths of his mind. Litotes are words that negate their opposite, similar to being lost in a maze. A path that can be created as a simple, straight line, is warped into a complex creation of passages that merge and intertwine with one another. The slave-owners don’t want the slaves to realize the truth about ignorance, knowledge, and freedom. So, the slave-owners create an elaborate metaphorical maze. The maze is a barrier that prevents the slaves from exiting the world of ignorance and entering the world of freedom. Every time a slave enters the maze, they are bound to run into obstacles such as walls of ignorance and dead ends of pain which are obstacles that slave-owners create in hopes of discouraging them. Slave-owners whip, torture, and even kill slaves that enter the maze that enters the world of knowledge. Slave-owners will try to discourage slaves so that the slave retraces his steps back into the world of ignorance. However, this is not the case for Frederick Douglass; he makes it through the entire maze despite the whipping and the walls of ignorance that fetter them, and pursuit a world of knowledge rather than the world of ignorance he once lived in. Once a slave enters the world of knowledge, the slave-owners can no longer pull them back into the world of ignorance, and the slave can freely roam between the two worlds and expand his knowledge. As they do so, the truth about knowledge, freedom, and slavery are unlocked from their cryptic chest and revealed to the slave. Douglass uses litotes to exemplify the walls that slave-owners put up in hopes of keeping their slaves ignorant of knowledge, many times succeed; however, when a slave overcomes these walls, the idea of knowledge and freedom enter their mind and the slave-owners no longer have the power to remove those ideas. Slave-owners use ignorance as a wall to prevent slaves from learning about the truth behind slavery, freedom and knowledge; however, once a slave overcomes the fetters, the slave-owner can no longer control the slave’s thoughts and actions. Once a slave enters the realm of knowledge and understands, he/she begins to mentally rebel against their slave-o wners because their newly earned knowledge clashes with the cruel ideas of slavery. Frederick Douglass shows the clash of knowledge and ignorance through the use of antithesis in the following passage. Frederick Douglass is working at a Chesapeake Bay when he apostrophizes to the multitude of ships lulling at the bay. Douglass mentally yells, â€Å"’You are loosed from your moorings, and are free; I am fast in my chains, and am a slave! You move merrily before the gentle gale, and I sadly before the bloody whip! You are freedom’s swift-winged angels, that fly around the world; I am confined in bands of iron!’† (Douglass 38). Frederick Douglass lashes out with anger as he realizes that he was not considered a man, he was considered a slave, a slave who had less rights than the ships that surround him. Douglass uses antithesis, words that are positioned so that like ideas contradict each other, similar to two like poles of a magnet grating against each other creating a conflict, a clash. Frederick Douglass is enraged after realizing the cruelty and prejudiced ideas of slavery that positioned him below everyday people and below inanimate objects, like the ships on Chesapeake Bay. Slavery is the South Pole of the left magnet, with ignorance as its pair, the North Pole. On the right-hand side, the South Pole is Freedom with its matching partner, knowledge as its North Pole. When ignorance and knowledge meet, the two north poles repel each other and create an invisible conflict. Slave-owners try to prevent slaves from gaining knowledge so that their knowledge won’t clash with their former ignorance causing a mental conflict against the slave-owners. Douglass is enraged when he sees the free ships drifting on the pacifying ocean, his former ignorance about slavery conflicts with his new knowledge and creates a clash, causing his mind to lash out at the negligence of slave-owners towards slaves. His ignorance of slavery clashes with the knowledge of freedom creating a conflict, which he then overcomes to understand the reality of slavery. Frederick Douglass understands the use of ignorance as a tool to conceal the truth about freedom and slavery. Once, the mind wraps its arms around the concept of slavery, a flood of new knowledge enters the mind causing an uncontrollable mental lash that attacks the ideas of slavery. As a slave becomes familiar with the ideas of freedom and slavery, he begins to think of ways to evade the fetters of ignorance and he becomes confident about freeing themselves from the treacheries of slavery. Douglass uses chiasmus to foreshadow his escape from ignorance in the following passage. Douglass shows how a slave’s fate can be determined if they overcome the fetters of ignorance and fully understand the ideas behind slavery and knowledge. Douglass wrtes, â€Å"You have seen how a man was made a slave; you shall see how a slave was made a man† (Douglass 39). Douglass overcomes the chains of ignorance and sees through the thin faà §ade of lies the slave-owners create and creates his own path to freedom, using knowledge. Chiasmus is like a series circuit with four light bulbs that is powered by a single battery. Douglass starts out in a life of slavery, because of that he lived in a life of ignorance. The two light bulbs on the very right are now lit. Normally, the first battery would power the rest of the bulbs after lighting the first one; however, slave-owners create a large curtain/wall of ignorance that prevents slaves from gaining knowledge and ultimately freedom. Slave-owners will beat, whip, and starve their slaves in order to keep the two light bulbs on the very right lit. However, for slaves like Frederick Douglass, they find ways to suppress the circuit disruptor and light the third light bulb, knowledge. Slave-owners set up another wall in hopes of delaying the lighting of the final light bulb freedom. By the time slaves light the third light bulb, they begin to rebel both mentally and physically against their slave-owners. Slave-owners will stop at no means to prevent the lighting of the final bulb, even if it means killing the slave. However, if the slave is reserved and cautious, they can skirt around the final faà §ade and light the final bulb of freedom. However, if the slave does not remain cautious after lighting the final bulb, they may be sent back to the first two bulbs with the remaining bulbs of knowledge and freedom extinguished, creating an endless circle in which the slave is trapped in. Douglass uses chiasmus to emphasize how avoiding being sent back to bulb one allows the slave to regain their rights of freedom. Douglass shows how constant perseverance through the circuit can ultimately result to freedom or back to slavery. Through the use of chiasmus he exemplifies how the constant repetition or cycle of slavery, freedom, ignorance, and knowledge can be overcome if the slave can pass through the two fetters and keep the final bulb lit without extinguishing it. Slave-owners use the walls of ignorance to separate freedom and knowledge from slavery and ignorance. A vast majority of slaves are chained behind the wall of slavery and ignorance; however, a few brave slaves like Frederick Douglass overcome that wall and enter the realm of freedom and knowledge. Through the use of chiasmus, Douglass shows how the endless circuit can be overcome if the walls of ignorance are removed and the lights of knowledge and freedom remain lit. Frederick Douglass shows the audience how slave-owners use ignorance as a tool to conceal the truth behind slavery and knowledge to prevent slaves from creating a path of freedom through the use of litotes, antithesis, and chiasmus. Douglass suffered a terrible burden while he was a slave; he wrote this novel in hopes of persuading more people into supporting the abolition of slavery. Frederick Douglass used these three literary devices to create situations that create a parallel situation with the subjects of knowledge and ignorance, freedom and slavery. Douglass uses litotes to explain the use of ignorance as a maze to prevent slave from reaching knowledge, he uses antithesis to explain the clash between knowledge and ignorance, and he uses chiasmus to explain how the endless cycle must be ended for a slave to be free. Douglass is a former slaver, an impassioned abolitionist, a brilliant writer, a newspaper editor, and an eloquent orator who greatly influenced the abolitionist movement. Through this book, he hopes to reach the souls of his audience and make them understand the true values of his life which circled around slavery, ignorance, freedom, and knowledge. All of Frederick Douglass’s slave owners had prevented slaves from learning how to read and write, the slave owners wanted to keep them ignorant of knowledge; however, Frederick Douglass obtained knowledge and because he obtained that knowledge, he was able to see through the faà §ade the slave owners had created and see the path to freedom. Douglass, an extremely influential man is one of the few men in life who have been able to thoroughly understand the use of ignorance as a tool to keep slavery intact and find ways to evade these fetters. â€Å"I have found that, to make a contented slave, it is necessary to make a thoughtles s one. It is necessary to darken his moral and mental vision, and, as far as possible, to annihilate the power of reason,† (Douglass 58).

Alibaba Essay

He and his team have achieved many firsts’ in the area of Chinese Internet Trade. He founded the first internet commercial website in China, and created a 82B marketplace platform to all small and medium-sized enterprises in Asia and around the world. He promoted the â€Å"Trust Pass† plan on the website, which created the world’s first on-line credit platform for companies. Under Jack Ma’s leadership, the Alibaba 82B websites have attracted more than 17 million registered members in 220 countries globally, with daily postings exceeding 35 million, making Alibaba. om the most active Internet market place and 82B community worldwide. Since the inception of the company, more than 400 media have reported about Alibaba and Jack Ma, in dozens of languages. In addition to numerous awards presented to Alibaba. com, Jack Ma was lso selected by the World Economic Forum as one of the 100 Young Global Leaders in 2001; was named Business Leader of 2001 by Asia Commerc e Association of USA; and was featured on the covers of Forbes Magazine, Nikkei Magazine, and Fortune (China) Magazine. In 2004, Jack Ma was honored as one of the â€Å"Top 10 Economic Personas of the Year† by CCTV. In 2005, Fortune Magazine ranked him one of the â€Å"25 Most Powerful Businesspeople in Asia† and this year Business 2. 0 ranked him 1 5th among â€Å"50 Who Matter Now† and Silicon. com ranked him 1 lth among its top 50 â€Å"Agenda Setters 2006. † company, Alibaba. om builds its business success and rapid growth on entrepreneurship, innovation, and service. Says Jack Ma: The company will remain a ‘start-up’ no matter how long it has been in existence. What ever has been stable, I will disrupt that stability. The company needs to continue to innovate and grow. I want the employees to believe that we are a small company, no matter how big we get. I believe we can create a system and culture to perpetuate this culture of entrepreneurial and start-up spirit. To fuel the entrepreneurial and innovative spirit, along with a service attitude, Jack Ma is looking for people with the following characteristics: 1) People with a dream. â€Å"Don’t let your colleagues work for you. They need to work for their dreams! † If people don’t believe in the dream and Join the company purely for money, they won’t stay long (refer to Appendix 2 for Alibaba’s vision, mission, and values). 2) People with shared values. â€Å"The value system is very important at Alibaba. We are crazy for it! In China, we might be the only crazy company who so strongly maintains our value system. People who don’t fit our values cannot survive in the company. † (Alibaba’s six ore values are customer comes first, teamwork and cooperation, embracing change, integrity, passion, and honoring your Job). 3) People with a smile. â€Å"When we hire people, we look for people who are naturally optimistic and happy. In the start-up process we will meet with difficulties and challenges. Optimistic and happy people can better deal with these challenges and succeed. It’s hard to make a happy person unhappy, but it’s even harder to make an unhappy person happy. I am able to tell whether a person is on our staff by their smile. † 4) People who enjoy work and can turn stress and challenges into innovation. Employees must be able to handle pressure and challenges, and turn them into positive energy for innovation, not negative energy for depression. † 5) People who work together. â€Å"We don’t welcome people who think they are smart because they may think they are above others. This industry is so new that it really doesn’t have any real talents. The people who are real talents probably don’t know they are talents. Everyone has tremendous potential. We all use other people’s strengths to overcome our weaknesses We are all ordinary people, but our goals are extraordinary. † While Alibaba seeks people with strong rofessional skills, these characteristics are even more important in deciding whether a person will Join, stay, and enjoy working in the company. 2 Alibaba’s Unique Value Proposition † a Smiling Community with a Dream While Alibaba is clear about what kind of talent they need for business success, the question is: how can the company attract, retain, and engage such talent, especially in the startup stage, when Alibaba had limited resources? The answer is a dream, a dream to make a difference in the way people do business, and a dream to create wealth together. During the start-up stage of Alibaba, Jack Ma often told those nterested in working for Alibaba, not of the great working conditions or the high pay, of what they could earn elsewhere. Alibaba also strives to provide a community, where employees can have fun to work together to pursue their dreams with minimal bureaucracy and politics. Ma recently painted a vivid image of his ideal work environment for his employees as follows: Blue Sky Processes, systems, and decisions need to be open and transparent. There’s nothing that should be hidden from employees. We should be transparent. Solid Ground Everything we do should be honest, ethical and contribute to the welfare of the ociety. The company should be on solid financial ground so employees won’t worry about the financial future of the company. Free-flowing Ocean Talent must be allowed to rotate Jobs across subsidiaries and departments. Green Forest (R Conducive conditions for continued innovation. Harmonious Community Peers with shared values and simple interpersonal relationships. The ultimate objective of such a community is to offer employees a work environment to grow, contribute, and live out their dreams. Bureaucracy, secrecy, and stagnation are all attributes that inhibit employees, and the company must actively seek out these ehaviors and destroy them. Alibaba from the Eyes of Employees To what extent do employees at Alibaba experience what the company intends to offer? Why do they Join the company and how do they feel as employees working there? Our focus group discussion with employees in different functions and levels confirms that Alibaba is indeed a unique company to work with. The following themes and direct quotations capture their experiences and the feeling of working at Alibaba: A leader with charisma and credibility: Jack Ma is the magnet that draws people into the company and provides them with a credible dream. â€Å"When I spoke with Jack Ma, I was impressed with his vision and business model. I had been in the internet business for a while but had not seen a successful model like the one Alibaba is employing. † Tang Zhenrong, International Website Engineering Department, and one year with the company. Although the objectives for each year seem to be very high, somehow we have always managed to accomplish those objectives. With past success, we have built up confidence that we’re able to achieve the objectives no matter what they are. † Lili Li, Sales Research Department, six years with the company. The passion of Alibaba is from within and radiates outward to others. We can see that they truly believe in the company and the culture of Alibaba is built from there, not by programs or processes. † Echo Lu, Director of Organization and People Development. â€Å"The company is true to its values at all levels. When Jack Ma talks to management about hiring, he told us that we must hire people With the same smell. Zhang Yu, Director of Marketing, Taobao. com Changes, challenges, and growth: People grow under tremendous pressure to change and grow. â€Å"The speed of change is three to four times that of other organizations. The objectives are ‘crazy, but when we reach and surpass the targets, we then have a profound sense of accomplishment. With the constant pressure and changes, we’re also forced to evaluate how we do our own Jobs and how we work as a team. Is it sufficient to accomplish the new objectives? Do we need to look at the challenge differently and try different things? † Zhang Yu, Director of Marketing, Taobao. om 4 Communication and transparency â€Å"Jack will meet with all new employees in a group setting, has meetings with management at least quarterly, and bi-annual staff meetings with all employees. On the intranet, there’s a BBS that allows staff to post their thoughts and opinions. Jack often interacts with staff on the BBS in an open and casual way. † Echo Lu, Director of Organization and People Development A company that cares about employees â€Å"During the SARS crisis, because of one suspected case, Alibaba made the decision in one day to have all employees work from home and to pass the required isolation period. As a result of this quick action, we contained any possible outbreak, May. Employees continued to perform Jobs tremendously well at home. We encouraged each other through BBS, phone calls, and e-mails. † Lili L’, Sales Research Department â€Å"The most positive thing to result from the SARS crisis was an enormous amount of pride for employees who went through this crisis together. They built a strong bond through experiencing this event together. It’s still a much talked about event in the company. In fact, some employees have named the day that staff were sent home to contain the outbreak, Alibaba Day, to commemorate the event. The spirit of Alibaba came alive on that day. † Echo Lu, Director of Organization and People Development Leadership and Management Practices that Create the Unique Value Proposition Leadership priority: As CEO, Jack Ma invests most of his time in three areas: vision/ mission/strategy, customers, and employees. By clearly articulating and constantly communicating the vision and mission of the company, he creates the most important foundation in attracting outstanding talent. â€Å"Don’t let your colleague work for you, but work for their dreams! Also, it is important to deeply understand customer needs, not competitor’s actions. Understanding customer needs can help Alibaba develop concrete business plans and focus on realizing its dream. Finally, it is also critical to realistically assess the competencies of employees. It will decide â€Å"how fast,† â€Å"how far†, and â€Å"how’ the company can execute its business strategy and targets in the coming year and next three years. His attentiveness to talent is reflected in two management practices. First, in the monthly senior management meeting, the first question he always asked is â€Å"How is your team doing? † instead of â€Å"How many sales has your team made? † Second, he always spends a lot of time alking around different business units and departments to â€Å"smell† how the people are doing there. If he â€Å"smells† something wrong, he will immediately talk to the unit head to identify problems and improve the situation. As a matter of fact, all senior executives at VP level and above must develop such â€Å"smelling† skills at Alibaba, to make sure that people are being managed properly. Value alignment: Strong shared values are essential in building a harmonious community where people feel comfortable working together and in ensuring that decisions and behaviors are aligned with company direction. Alibaba has gone the extra mile to make sure that people share the same values. When Alibaba hires people, they look for people with th e same â€Å"smell†Ã¢â‚¬ people who are optimistic, happy, team oriented, hard working, and willing to invest their lives to achieve an ideal. When employees Join the company, they attend at least 10 days of orientation, focusing primarily on the company’s vision, mission, and values. When the company assesses the performance of employees, 50% is tied to values and 50% is tied to business results. When employees demonstrate behaviors contrary to company core alues, they are asked to leave no matter how strong their business results are, or very important at Alibaba. People who don’t fit into our values cannot survive in the company. † Stretch opportunities and challenges: While Alibaba offers different training programs for different levels of employees in both technical and management areas, people grow rapidly by achieving â€Å"impossible† targets year after year. Although the objectives for each year seem high and unreasonable, somehow, we have always managed to accomplish those objectives. With past success we have built up the onfidence that we are able to achieve the objectives, no matter what they are,† says Lili Li, of the Sales Research Department. â€Å"At Alibaba I have been stretched and challenged. I have seen myself grow m ore than in my previous Jobs,† says Zhang Yu from Taobao. com. Indeed, Jack Ma believes that all people have potential that can be unleashed in the right environment, allowing them to stretch and challenge themselves. Ma quoted one of his favorite examples, â€Å"Several years ago when I looked at the current COO Li Qi, there was no way he looked like a COO. Nowadays, from all different angles, he really looks like a COO. Talent has tremendous potential to grow. † However, in order for people to grow under challenges, three elements are important. First is teamwork. Alibaba uses teamwork to complement individual strengths and weaknesses to achieve extraordinary goals. Second are the right people, who enjoy challenges and have fun working. Third are line managers who are accountable for personal growth within their teams. Jack Ma remarked that all line managers at Alibaba are entrusted with two scarce resources (capital and talent) to create value for the company. In addition to ensuring good financial returns, they lso need to create value for their talent in terms of their growth and retention. That’s why Jack Ma also walks around the company to â€Å"smell† how people are being managed in different departments, and why he always asks business leaders how their teams are doing in the monthly CEO review. Wealth creation and sharing: All employees of Alibaba receive stock options, and in effect are owners of the organization. At Alibaba, stock options are not a tool for retention but for reward sharing. From five cents per share to five dollars per share in 6 years, many employees have not only shown tremendous pride in the company but also shared the fruits of their collective success for the well-being of both the society and themselves. Transparency and communication: Communication is an important practice within Alibaba that helps maintain a culture of transparency to all employees. Employees have easy access to all executives, including Jack Ma, through the use of email, BBS, and face-to-face meetings (monthly, quarterly or bi-annual staff meetings). Jack Ma sets a high standard for his executives to follow by regularly interacting with employees. â€Å"All decisions are transparent, and people can see how they are made. This transparency is getting somewhat lost as we get bigger, but we’re still given a lot of information when possible. Our trust in the leaders has helped us to overcome this change in transparency. Communication is always good and strong from Sales Research Department. Advice to other CEOs When asked about what advice he would like to offer to other CEOs in China, Jack Ma suggested four: 1) Always believe people are the most important asset, and capital comes second. 2) It is not necessary to find the â€Å"best† talent but the talent that best fits your company. 3) Find and groom the talent inside our company rather than keep searching for talent from outside. The best talent is home-groomed people who fit our company culture. It always takes at least three years before people become fully immersed into our company culture 4) Believe in the potential of talent.

Free Essays on Depression

Depression Depression is defined in many ways. One definition is â€Å"an emotional state of dejection and sadness, ranging from mild discouragement and downheartedness to feelings of utter hopelessness and despair.† Another definition is â€Å"exaggerated sadness coupled with pessimism†¦which the person thinks will persist indefinitely regardless of what they do about it† (Irwin, p8). Either way, depression is an illness that involves the mind and body. It can affect psychological things, such as the way someone feels about themselves, and biological things, such as eating and sleeping. There are many different types of depression with many different symptoms. Depression also affects many types of people. This disorder can be treated, but it is the person’s responsibility to get help (NIMH, p1). Depression ranges from mild to severe types. A mild type of depression can simply be a â€Å"blue mood† or even just a bad day. Some psychiatrists say that it is normal to feel down when you’re overly tired or stressed. These sieges of â€Å"the blues† generally subside quickly but can also escalate to moderate depression (Irwin, p10). Moderate depression can also be called neurotic depression. This type of depression has the same symptoms as mild depression but is felt more intensely. It can even interfere with a person’s job or home life. This type of depression is almost always a reaction to a loss or an upsetting event. The depression is only considered neurotic when the sense of loss is disproportionate to the event that caused it (Irwin, p12). When the degree and duration of depression become really severe, there are changes in the behavior that can definitely be seen. There is less and less interest in the outside world. A person that has this type of depression, known as psychotic depression, may be incapable of functioning adequately. A person who is at this point may also feel thoughts of death and suicid... Free Essays on Depression Free Essays on Depression Depression is a disease that afflicts the human psyche in such a way that the afflicted tends to act and react abnormally toward others and themselves. Therefore it comes to no surprise to discover that adolescent depression is strongly linked to teen suicide. Adolescent suicide is now responsible for more deaths in youths aged 15 to 19 than cardiovascular disease or cancer (Blackman, 1995). Despite this increased suicide rate, depression in this age group is greatly underdiagnosed and leads to serious difficulties in school, work and personal adjustment which may often continue into adulthood. How prevalent are mood disorders in children and when should an adolescent with changes in mood be considered clinically depressed? Brown (1996) has said the reason why depression is often over looked in children and adolescents is because "children are not always able to express how they feel." Sometimes the symptoms of mood disorders take on different forms in children than in adults. Adolescence is a time of emotional turmoil, mood swings, gloomy thoughts, and heightened sensitivity. It is a time of rebellion and experimentation. Blackman (1996) observed that the "challenge is to identify depressive symptomatology which may be superimposed on the backdrop of a more transient, but expected, developmental storm." Therefore, diagnosis should not lay only in the physician's hands but be associated with parents, teachers and anyone who interacts with the patient on a daily basis. Unlike adult depression, symptoms of youth depression are often masked. Instead of expressing sadness, teenagers may express boredom and irritability, or may choose to engage in risky behaviors (Oster & Montgomery, 1996). Mood disorders are often accompanied by other psychological problems such as anxiety (Oster & Montgomery, 1996), eating disorders (Lasko et al., 1996), hyperactivity (Blackman, 1995), substance abuse... Free Essays on Depression Depression is a psychiatric disorder characterized by feelings of worthlessness, guilt, sadness, helplessness, and hopelessness. It is different then normal sadness or grief from the loss of a loved one because it is persistent and severe. Clinical depression has many related symptoms trouble sleeping, eating disorders, withdrawal and inactivity, self-punishment, and loss of pleasure. People that are depressed do not like to do things they may usually like to. Surveys that have been taken that show approximately 20 in 100 people suffer from depression at any one time. About one if four Americans will suffer from a depression over the course of their lifetime. Depression strikes men and women of all ages, in all races, but most studies indicate that women are more often afflicted. There are two major forms of depression that people get. One form is called depressive disorder. It is diagnosed only by episodes of depression. Episodes can be short or long but are usually brought about by an incident in a persons life. An example of this is if someone close to them dies. The other kind is called bipolar or manic depressive illness, it is recognized by alternating depressed and manic episodes. This is an actual brain dysfunction. In the major depression or the depressed phase of bipolar illness, a depressed mood predominates, even though the patient may not be aware of feeling sad. Typically, he or she loses all interest in activities. Symptoms include sleep disturbances, not able to concentrate or to make decisions, loss of appetite or greatly increased appetite, slowed thinking and decreased energy feelings of worthlessness, guilt, hopelessness, diminished sexual interest, and recurrent thoughts of suicide and death, sometimes leading a person to actually committ ing suicide. In the manic phase of bipolar disorder the patients behavior is bizarre and sometimes obnoxious. Symptoms of this are the person being hyper and have lots of ener... Free Essays on Depression Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders Depression The topic of depression is of special interest to me for a number of reasons. Depression is very common in today’s society and is a very fascinating psychological condition. Also many some of my friends and family members show signs of depression. After reading the textbook and doing some online research, I have come to conclude that my brother has a form of depression called Dysthmia. I have concluded this due to the appearance of some of the symptoms that I have observed in my brother. My brother has a mild form of depression and has feelings of hopelessness and fatigue. The cause of his condition is still unknown to me. But I have formed hypotheses that could explain the cause of the condition. It is known that most of depression has deep genetic roots. The notion of being genetically disposed to being depressed is known. (1). Doing a little bit of research I found out that none of my parents or grandparents were depressed neither am I or any of my other siblings. So the ge netic factor being at play in the cause has to be ruled out. The other factor that I suspect as being a factor in the prevalence of the condition is the fact that my brother has experienced a lot of learned helpless. Learned help nesses is when a person experiences failure after failure at a certain task that eventually he gives up trying. Learned helpnesses has been researched and has been associated with depression (2). I believe that my brother acquired the learned helpnesses when my parents indirectly forced my brother to attend Wayne State University and do the pre-medical curriculum. My parents are determined that we all grow up to be professionals in the medical field and make them proud. My brother had a hard time making the transition from High School to a large scale university and didn’t do as good as he should of. This led my brother to feel hopeless and eventually after all the failures he just stoppe... Free Essays on Depression What is depression? Being clinically depressed is very different from the down type of feeling that all people experience from time to time. Occasional feelings of sadness are a normal part of life, and it is unfortunate that such feelings are often colloquially referred to as "depression." In clinical depression, such feelings are out of proportion to any external causes. There are things in everyone's life that are possible causes of sadness, but people who are not depressed manage to cope with these things without becoming incapacitated. As one might expect, depression can present itself as feeling sad or "having the blues". However, sadness may not always be the dominant feeling of a depressed person. Depression can also be experienced as a numb or empty feeling or perhaps no awareness of feeling at all. A depressed person may experience a noticeable loss in their ability to feel pleasure about anything. Depression, as viewed by psychiatrists, is an illness in which a person experiences a marked change in their mood and in the way they view themselves and the world. Depression as a significant depressive disorder ranges from short in duration and mild to long term and very severe, even life threatening. Depressive disorders come in different forms, just as do other illnesses such as heart disease. The three most prevalent forms are major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder. What is major depression? Major depression is manifested by a combination of symptoms (see symptom list below) that interfere with the ability to work, sleep, eat; and enjoy once-pleasurable activities. These disabling episodes of depression can occur once, twice, or several times in a lifetime. What is dysthymia? A less severe type of depression, dysthymia, involves long-term, chronic symptoms that do not disable, but keep you from functioning at "full steam" or from feeling good. Sometimes people with dysthymia also experience major dep... Free Essays on Depression Overview of Mental Disorders in Children A consideration of developmental principles enhances understanding of mental illness in children and adolescents by reconciling the concept of mental disorder as a stable state or condition with the ongoing development of the child. According to these principles, a mental disorder results from the interaction of a child and his or her environment. Thus, mental illness often does not lie within the child alone. Within the conceptual framework and language of integrative neuroscience, the mental disorder is anâ€Å"emergent property† of the transaction with the environment. Proper assessment of a child’s mood, thought, and behaviors demands a simultaneous consideration of nature and nurture, genes and environment, and biology and psychosocial influences. These relationships are reciprocal. The brain shapes behavior, and learning shapes the brain. Mental disorders must be considered within the context of the family and peers, school, home, and community. Taking the social-cultural environment into consideration is essential to understanding mental disorders in children and adolescents, as it is in adults. However, the changing nature of these environments, coupled with the progressively unfolding processes of brain development, makes the emphasis on context, as well as development, more complex and more central in child mental health (Jensen & Hoagwood, 1997). Thus, developmental psychopathology encourages consideration of the transactions between the individual and the social and physical environment at the same time that signs and symptoms of mental disorder are considered. Moreover, focusing on diagnostic labels alone provides too limited a view of mental disorders in children and adolescents. General Categories of Mental Disorders of Children Mental disorders with onset in childhood and adolescence are listed in Table 3-2 as they appear in DSM-IV. These disorders fall into a number o... Free Essays on Depression Depression is a disease that afflicts the human psyche in such a way that the afflicted tends to act and react abnormally toward others and themselves. Therefore it comes to no surprise to discover that adolescent depression is strongly linked to teen suicide. Adolescent suicide is now responsible for more deaths in youths aged 15 to 19 than cardiovascular disease or cancer (Blackman, 1995). Despite this increased suicide rate, depression in this age group is greatly underdiagnosed and leads to serious difficulties in school, work and personal adjustment which may often continue into adulthood. How prevalent are mood disorders in children and when should an adolescent with changes in mood be considered clinically depressed? Brown (1996) has said the reason why depression is often over looked in children and adolescents is because "children are not always able to express how they feel." Sometimes the symptoms of mood disorders take on different forms in children than in adults. Adolescence is a time of emotional turmoil, mood swings, gloomy thoughts, and heightened sensitivity. It is a time of rebellion and experimentation. Blackman (1996) observed that the "challenge is to identify depressive symptomatology which may be superimposed on the backdrop of a more transient, but expected, developmental storm." Therefore, diagnosis should not lay only in the physician's hands but be associated with parents, teachers and anyone who interacts with the patient on a daily basis. Unlike adult depression, symptoms of youth depression are often masked. Instead of expressing sadness, teenagers may express boredom and irritability, or may choose to engage in risky behaviors (Oster & Montgomery, 1996). Mood disorders are often accompanied by other psychological problems such as anxiety (Oster & Montgomery, 1996), eating disorders (Lasko et al., 1996), hyperactivity (Blackman, 1995), substance abuse... Free Essays on Depression Depression is a mental illness in which a person experiences deep, unshakable sadness and diminished interest in nearly all activities. Depression usually begins during a person’s 20's or 30's. The illness may come on slowly, then deepen gradually over months or years. On the other hand, it may erupt suddenly in a few weeks or days. There are 3 types of depression; major depression, Bipolar depression, and seasonal affective disorder. Many of them come from anxiety or a situation which caused the person to become extremely depressed. Seasonal affective disorder is felt only during autumn and winter, when there are few hours of daylight. Many things can cause depression. Sometimes it is caused from a high amount of stress and conflicts in a person’s life. Some depressions seem to come suddenly, even when things are going well. Most psychologists believe depression results from an interaction between stressful life events and a person’s biological and psychologic al vulnerabilities. Genes may also influence depression by causing abnormal activity in the brain. Neurotransmitters in the brain play an important role in regulating moods and emotions. Neurotransmitters involved in depression include norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. It is suggested that depression results from lower than normal levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain. An imbalance of hormones may also play a role in depression. The only risk factor for depression is that if a person feels that they are hopeless, worthless, and are full of despair, the may think of or commit suicide. This issue usually takes place in a person’s conscience and it is an emotional issue that the person deals with. This disorder often affects them socially and physically. Depression usually alters a person’s appetite, sometimes increasing it, but usually reducing it. This ma... Free Essays on Depression Treatments for Depression Depression is very common . It is often called â€Å"The common cold of health problems.† At least one in six people experience a depression episode at some point in their life, and about 9.5% of the population and 18.8 million Americans suffer from this illness(Women’s World Source). The National Institute of Mental Health defines depression as â€Å"an illness that involves the body, mood, and thoughts. It effects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. Depression is not the same as a passing blue mood. It is not a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be willed or wished away. People with a depression illness cannot merely â€Å"pull themselves together† and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years (Strock).† There are several treatments for depression such as medications, therapies, and of course every person suffering from depression needs some kind of support from family and friends. Before going any further on these treatments some myths about depression need to be made clear. Some people may think that depression is an emotion of sadness, but this is not true. In fact, many depression patients experience numbness or no emotions at all. Also, depression is not an excuse for anything, and it does exclude anyone of responsibility for themselves. Depression is not a weakness, character flaw, or personality trait, and it is not God’s punishment for past sins or bad karma catching up with something the person did in a past life. Someone with depression is not just being lazy, too sensitive, or too immature. Racine 2 The most important thing that everyone should know about depression is that no one ever does anything to deserve it, and no one did anything to cause someone to have it. One treatment for depression is medication. One very common form of medication is selective sero... Free Essays on Depression Depression Depression, it’s something all of us have experienced in some point and time in our lives, whether it was for a day or for years. Most of the people that it affects aren’t even aware of the serious complications depression creates and if they are they don’t admit to themselves they would be clinically diagnosed with depression. It is the second most common health problem; anxiety is the first. Depression is known as the common cold of mental illness. There are many causes for depression. They consist of psychological, genetic, hereditary, or environmental. Psychological depression can be a result of a death of a family member. This is also known as mourning. Serotonin and norepinephrine, a chemical produced in the brain, is not produced in an adequate amount. This is the effect of genetic depression. This causes the feeling of intense sadness. Environmental depression is also known as S.A.D. (Seasonal Affective Disorder). This is caused when a person is sensitive to seasonal changes. Hereditary is the most common causes and it is also tricky. It is passed down from past generations and sometimes the defect skips generations. There are several types of depression. There are manic depression, clinical depression, Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and postpartum depression. Manic depression is an extremity of moods, going from sheer happiness to severe depression. Premenstrual syndrome and postpartum depression are found only in women. Premenstrual syndrome is caused by hormone changes prior to menstruation. Many women suffer postpartum depression after giving childbirth. Many people who are severely depressed, don’t want to believe they are suffering. If they are left untreated, it can result in alcohol and/or drug abuse, disturbed relationships, criminal activities, homicide, or possibly suicide. Many parents of depressed children don’t know their children are suffering. The parents believe their children’s actions a... Free Essays on Depression Depression Depression is defined in many ways. One definition is â€Å"an emotional state of dejection and sadness, ranging from mild discouragement and downheartedness to feelings of utter hopelessness and despair.† Another definition is â€Å"exaggerated sadness coupled with pessimism†¦which the person thinks will persist indefinitely regardless of what they do about it† (Irwin, p8). Either way, depression is an illness that involves the mind and body. It can affect psychological things, such as the way someone feels about themselves, and biological things, such as eating and sleeping. There are many different types of depression with many different symptoms. Depression also affects many types of people. This disorder can be treated, but it is the person’s responsibility to get help (NIMH, p1). Depression ranges from mild to severe types. A mild type of depression can simply be a â€Å"blue mood† or even just a bad day. Some psychiatrists say that it is normal to feel down when you’re overly tired or stressed. These sieges of â€Å"the blues† generally subside quickly but can also escalate to moderate depression (Irwin, p10). Moderate depression can also be called neurotic depression. This type of depression has the same symptoms as mild depression but is felt more intensely. It can even interfere with a person’s job or home life. This type of depression is almost always a reaction to a loss or an upsetting event. The depression is only considered neurotic when the sense of loss is disproportionate to the event that caused it (Irwin, p12). When the degree and duration of depression become really severe, there are changes in the behavior that can definitely be seen. There is less and less interest in the outside world. A person that has this type of depression, known as psychotic depression, may be incapable of functioning adequately. A person who is at this point may also feel thoughts of death and suicid...

martin luther king and mass media essays

martin luther king and mass media essays Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Mass Media Martin Luther King Jr. was a very significant and influential man. Though his life was cut short at 39 years old, he left a big mark on today's society. From the Prayer Pilgrimage of May 17, 1957, an event and a date that marked King's entre into the field of national Negro leadership to the unforgettable March on Washington. (Bennett 10) King was determined to reach his goal, which was to have blacks and whiter united and treated equally. King was faced with many obstacles, including the press. At first, there was hardly any print about King's events and protests. When the events did get recognition King's name wasn't mentioned at all. Not until many years later when the protests sparked violence and death was King's name mentioned and even then, it was used in negative way. In this paper, I will discuss how the news magazines Time, Newsweek, and the U.S. News went about distorting, neglecting, and eventually praising King and his events. In order to help understand the Civil Rights Movement and it controversy you have to start at the beginning. On the way home from work as a seamstress Mrs. Rosa Parks boarded a Montgomery City Line bus. When asked to give up her seat for a white passenger Rosa Parks refused. The bus driver left his seat and summoned the police. The police officer arrested Rosa Parks for violating the cities segregation ordinances. ( Bennett 59) Rosa Parks arrest sparked a one-day boycott that stretched out to 382 days. That event started the Civil Rights movement and changed the spirit of Martin Luther Kings, Jr. Time magazine was the first of the newsmagazines to pick up the story of the bus boycott. (Lentz 26) Newsweek didn't print the story until five months after it happened. In addition, not until then did King's name was mentioned by it or Time. Neither King nor the cause grabbed the attention of U.S. News & World Report. What they d...

The Aging in the Workforce Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Aging in the Workforce - Research Paper Example The examination of Kooji’s article could easily bring a clear view of the mistakes that the different social groups do to solve the age sociological problems. Moreover, as Anderson et al. present their view on the medical problems, we come to realize that the medical problems that the aged people experience have a close link to the economic problems. It is because of the health issues in the elderly individual that result to the economic conundrum in the American society. As a person becomes sick, he will seek medical attention. That would require money and in the process of treatments there is a social interaction that builds up among the patients, the old who may be sick and the probably young doctors in the hospital. More sick aged people who are also sickling will also mean there will be the recruitment of more doctors that is also an economic problem. In conclusion, the three aspects have a very close relationship, and the summary above elucidate on these vital similarities. The table examined the key ideas in the works of the scholars that wrote the journals. Anderson, L., Goodman, R., Holtzman, D., Posner, S., & Northridge, M. (2012). Aging in the United States: Opportunities and challenges for public health. American Journal of Public Health, 102(3), 393-395.

A new challenge for Trnscraanial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Essay

A new challenge for Trnscraanial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) - Essay Example TMS is a procedure which induces magnetic fields to initiate the activities of the brain. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation is based on electromagnetic induction. When compared to the other medical procedures, TMS is safe as it does not cause any side effects. Similar to the concept of electrical and magnetic fields, a stimulating coil is used to treat the affected part of the human brain. The instrument used in TMS is generally designed in such a way that the current flows from both the direction. This ensures that they converge at a particular point where the current from both the sides come to a direct contact. This instrument is placed on the area near the cortex and electrical ray passes through the scalp through the skull. Then this ray reaches the intended area below or above the cortex of the brain. TMS is performed to stimulate the functioning of the brain by stimulating the neurons. Neurons in the human brain perform the activity in a serial fashion. This neuronal activity might get disturbed and TMS is done to enable the neurons to work in a normal manner. (Gerlach, 2007). TMS is generally used when people have problems like memory issues, vision disorders, movement disorders and depression. As TMS stimulates the neurons as well as the other important nerves in the brain, it is effective in treating any sort of mental or physical disorder. TMS can be combined with any other magnetic imaging techniques to get a clear cut picture of a person’s disorder. Picture of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (Depression Treatment, 2010). Benefits of TMS Psychological problems like depression often leave the patient in an agitated state. It has been proved that TMS reduces the level of agitation to a greater extent. People affected by memory problems, concentration issues and problems with paying attention to a particular task. (Desmond, 2006). It is declared as one of the most effective method in treating depression. TMS eradicates the need for relapse as the patients respond to the treatment even during the first week of the treatment phase. This eventually reduces the need for treating them for a longer time. The effects are more as the magnetic rays target the cortex; the neurons near the cortex also get activated. This stimulates the neurons that evoke the activity of other parts of the body. Patient with movement disorder can easily recover as the motor cortex of the brain is automatically activated. (Belmaker, 2007). The functioning of the muscles can also be activated by placing the instrument at a particular place where the respective neurons reside. TMS is also effective in treating other problems like ADHD. ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is mostly found in children and these children suffer from inattentiveness. Patients diagnosed with ADHD might also have problems like depression, behavioral problems and other disorders. (Levy, 2001). They exhibit inattentiveness to any sort of an activity and might h ave difficulty in concentrating on a particular task. Adults affected by ADHD are generally disorganized and they find it difficult to complete a task within the stipulated time. Forgetfulness is also a symptom of ADHD. (Wender, 2000). Some people suffer from emotional disorders as they do not have the ability to deal with frustration. Certain regions of their brain often showed delay in the process of growth and development. The ability to concentrate